Clomiphene

Clomiphene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) commonly used in female fertility brand name prescription medications, such as Clomid. In women who do not produce ova (eggs) but wishes to become pregnant, clomiphene is used to induce ovulation (egg production). The substance is also sometimes used to treat male infertility. In men, clomiphene can alter testosterone levels by interfering with the negative feedback loop of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. Clomiphene is a doping substance according to the WADA Prohibited Substances list. Men who uses anabolic steroids, are highly likely to also use clomiphene or other anti-estrogens (for example, tamoxifen) as an accompanying drug. The purpose of clomiphene, in this case, is to inhibit the estrogen problems caused by the overdosed anabolic steroids, that appear when anabolic steroids convert in the body to estrogens or other metabolic products that have estrogenic effetcs. These problems, in men, include the over-growth of breasts (gynecomastia) and blood coagulation disturbances. Sources: USADA - https://www.usada.org/substance-profile-clomiphene/ Drugs.com - https://www.drugs.com/clomiphene.html Medline plus (https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682704.html) dopinglinkki - http://dopinglinkki.fi/en/info-bank/doping-substances/clomiphene This substance was first listed in the IOC doping list on 1 January 2000 as an anti-estrogen prohibited in males.